| Abstract: |
One of the most significant challenges in twenty-first century power engineering is large-scale integration of renewable energy sources (RES) mainly solar PV and wind– into conventional electrical grids. The following empirical research examines the stability impacts of the aforementioned renewable penetration levels in contemporary power grids across five separate grid modalities, including evaluation of frequency deviation, voltage stability characteristics and transient response, and inter-area oscillation damping. The data were obtained in two parts: primary data from simulation platforms (MATLAB/Simulink and Dig SILENT Power Factory) and real operational records from three utilities at state level located in Central India. Statistical analyses such as regression modeling, ANOVA and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to quantify the relationship between renewable penetration percentage and important stability values. The results show that the penetration levels more than 45% may manifest statistically significant frequency nadir and rate-of-change-of-frequency (RoCoF) degradation, though coordinated battery energy storage system (BESS) deployments can help minimize frequency deviation up to 62%. These insights offer tangible benchmarks for power system planners and policy designers trying to strike a balance between decarbonization imperatives and grid reliability constraints. |
