| Abstract: |
Financial inclusion remains a critical developmental challenge in India, particularly among Below Poverty Line (BPL) households residing in urban slums. This study examines how regulatory frameworks and government programs facilitate financial inclusion among BPL households in Delhi's urban slums. The research employs a cross-sectional survey design with 384 BPL households from four major slum clusters in Delhi. Data collection utilized structured questionnaires assessing awareness, access, and utilization of government financial schemes including Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY), Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY), and Atal Pension Yojana (APY). The hypothesis posits that effective regulatory frameworks and targeted government programs significantly enhance financial inclusion metrics among BPL populations. Results indicate that 68.4% of respondents possess bank accounts through PMJDY, while insurance penetration through PMSBY reached 34.2%. Statistical analysis reveals significant associations between program awareness and actual enrollment. The study identifies critical gaps in last-mile connectivity, digital literacy, and documentation barriers that impede complete financial inclusion. Findings suggest that while regulatory frameworks have expanded access, functional usage remains constrained by socio-economic factors, suggesting need for integrated approaches combining financial access with literacy programs and infrastructure development for sustainable financial inclusion among Delhi's urban poor. |
